Minat Belajar dan Ciri-cirinya
1. Minat Belajar
a. Pengertian Minat Belajar
Tingkat pencapaian kompetensi dasar sangat ditentukan oleh minat siswa terhadap mata pelajaran. Siswa yang mempunyai minat dapat diharapkan akan mencapai prestasi belajar yang optimal.
Menurut Padmowihardjo (1999:154) menjelaskan bahwa minat adalah sifat hati nurani yang timbul dengan sendirinya dan memiliki daya dorong. Minat yang besar dari seseorang akan membangkitkan daya dorong. Minat yang besar dari seseorang akan membangkitkan keinginan. Keinginan adalah sifat hati nurani yang timbul karena orang meminati sesuatu dan mendorong terbentuknya motif untuk berbuat untuk mewujudkannnya. Keinginan seseorang akan bangkit apabila ada minat yang besar.
b. Ciri-Ciri Minat Belajar.
1) Mempunyai kecenderungan yang tetap untuk untuk memperhatikan dan mengenang sesuatu yang dipelajari secara terus menerus.
2) Ada rasa suka dan senang pada sesuatu yang diminati.
3) Memperoleh suatu kebanggaan dan kepuasan pada sesuatu yang diminati. Ada rasa keterikatan pada sesuatu aktivitas-aktivitas yang diminati.
4) Lebih menyukai suatu hal yang menjadi minatnya daripada yang lainnya.
5) Dimanifestasikan melalui partisipasi pada aktivitas dan kegiatan.
2. Prestasi Belajar
a. Pengertian Belajar
Menurut Hamalik (2008:27) belajar adalah modifikasi atau memperteguh kelakuan melalui pengalaman (learning is defined as the modification or strengthening of behavior through experience). Menurut pengertian ini, belajar merupakan suatu proses, suatu kegiatan dan bukan suatu hasil atau tujuan. Belajar bukan hanya mengingat, akan tetapi lebih luas dari itu, yakni mengalami.
Menurut Skinner (Dimyati, 2006:9), berpandangan bahwa belajar adalah suatu perilaku. Pada saat orang belajar, maka responnya menjadi lebih baik. Sebaliknya, bila ia tidak belajar maka responnya menurun. Dalam belajar ditemukan adanya hal berikut:
1) Kesempatan terjadinya peristiwa yang menimbulkan respons pebelajar
2) Respons si pebelajar
3) Konsekuensi yang bersifat menguatkan respons tersebut. Pemerkuat terjadi pada stimulus yang menguatkan konsekuensi tersebut.
Menurut Gagne (Dimyati, 2006:10), belajar merupakan kegiatan yang kompleks. Hasil belajar berupa kapabilitas. Setelah belajar orang memiliki ketrampilan, pengetahuan, sikap, dan nilai. Timbulnya kapabilitas tersebut adalah dari (1) stimulus yang berasal dari lingkungan, dan (2) proses kognitif yang dilakukan oleh pebelajar. Dengan demikian belajar adalah seperangkat proses kognitif yang mengubah sifat stimulasi lingkungan, melewati pengolahan informasi, menjadi kapabilitas baru.
Bukti bahwa seseorang telah belajar ialah terjadinya perubahan tingkah laku pada orang tersebut, misalnya dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu, dan dari tidak mengerti menjadi mengerti. Tingkah laku memiliki unsur subjektif dan unsur motoris. Unsur subjektif adalah unsur rohaniah, sedangkan unsur motoris adalah unsure jasmaniah. Bahwa seseorang sedang berpikir dapat dilihat dari raut mukanya, sikapnya dalam rohaniahnya tidak bisa dilihat. Tingkah laku manusia terdiri dari sejumlah aspek.
Menurut Anitah, dkk (2009:2.5) belajar merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan individu untuk memperoleh suatu perubahan tingkah laku. Menurut Sugihartono, dkk (2007:74) belajar merupakan suatu proses perubahan tingkah laku sebagai hasil interaksi individu dengan lingkungannya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.
Dari berbagai definisi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa belajar merupakan suatu proses memperoleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam wujud perubahan tingkah laku dan kemampuan bereaksi yang relative permanen atau menetap karena adanya interaksi individu dengan lingkungannya. Belajar adalah berubahnya tingkah laku seseorang menjadi lebiha baik, karena dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu.
1. Interest in Learning
a. Understanding Interest in Learning
Achieving basic competency level is determined by the interest of students towards subjects. Students who have an interest can be expected to achieve an optimal learning achievement.
According Padmowihardjo (1999:154) explains that the interest is the nature of conscience that arise by itself and has a driving force. Great interest of a person would generate thrust. Great interest of a person will arouse desire. Desire is the nature of conscience that arise because people interested in something and encourage the formation of a motive to do for mewujudkannnya. Wishes someone would rise if there is great interest.
b. Characteristics of Interest in Learning.According Slameto (2003:58) students who are interested in learning have the following characteristics:1) Having a fixed tendency to remember to pay attention and learn something continuously.2) There is a sense of love and happy on something of interest.3) Obtain a pride and satisfaction in something of interest. There is a sense of attachment to things of interest activities.4) More like a thing that became his interest than others.5) manifested through participation in events and activities.
2. Learning Achievementa. Understanding LearningAccording Hamalik (2008:27) study is a modification or re-enforce behavior through experience (learning is defined as the modification or strengthening of behavior through experience). According to this understanding, learning is a process, an activity and not an outcome or goal. Learning is not only remembering, but more than that, which is experiencing.According to Skinner (Dimyati, 2006:9), argued that learning is a behavior. At the time people learn, the better the response. Conversely, if he did not study the response decreases. In the study found the following:1) The chance occurrence of the events that lead to response learners2) The response of the learners3) The consequences that are reinforcing the response. Which amplifies the stimulus occurs in the reinforcing consequences.According to Gagne (Dimyati, 2006:10), learning is a complex activity. Learning outcomes in the form of capabilities. After learning of people have the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and values. The emergence of these capabilities are of (1) stimulus from the environment, and (2) the cognitive processes undertaken by the learners. Thus, learning is a set of cognitive processes that change the nature of environmental stimulation, through information processing, a new capability.Evidence that a person has learned is that the change in the person's behavior, for example, from not knowing to knowing, and from not understanding to understanding. Behavior has a subjective element and motor elements. Subjective element is the spiritual element, while the motor element is the physical element. That someone is thinking can be seen from his expression, his attitude in the spiritual can not be seen. Human behavior consists of a number of aspects.
According Anitah, et al (2009:2.5) study is an attempt by individuals to obtain a change of behavior. According Sugihartono, et al (2007:74) study is a process of behavior change as a result of individual interaction with their environment to meet their needs.
1. Interest in Learning
a. Understanding Interest in Learning
Achieving basic competency level is determined by the interest of students towards subjects. Students who have an interest can be expected to achieve an optimal learning achievement.
According Padmowihardjo (1999:154) explains that the interest is the nature of conscience that arise by itself and has a driving force. Great interest of a person would generate thrust. Great interest of a person will arouse desire. Desire is the nature of conscience that arise because people interested in something and encourage the formation of a motive to do for mewujudkannnya. Wishes someone would rise if there is great interest.
b. Characteristics of Interest in Learning.According Slameto (2003:58) students who are interested in learning have the following characteristics:1) Having a fixed tendency to remember to pay attention and learn something continuously.2) There is a sense of love and happy on something of interest.3) Obtain a pride and satisfaction in something of interest. There is a sense of attachment to things of interest activities.4) More like a thing that became his interest than others.5) manifested through participation in events and activities.
2. Learning Achievementa. Understanding LearningAccording Hamalik (2008:27) study is a modification or re-enforce behavior through experience (learning is defined as the modification or strengthening of behavior through experience). According to this understanding, learning is a process, an activity and not an outcome or goal. Learning is not only remembering, but more than that, which is experiencing.According to Skinner (Dimyati, 2006:9), argued that learning is a behavior. At the time people learn, the better the response. Conversely, if he did not study the response decreases. In the study found the following:1) The chance occurrence of the events that lead to response learners2) The response of the learners3) The consequences that are reinforcing the response. Which amplifies the stimulus occurs in the reinforcing consequences.According to Gagne (Dimyati, 2006:10), learning is a complex activity. Learning outcomes in the form of capabilities. After learning of people have the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and values. The emergence of these capabilities are of (1) stimulus from the environment, and (2) the cognitive processes undertaken by the learners. Thus, learning is a set of cognitive processes that change the nature of environmental stimulation, through information processing, a new capability.Evidence that a person has learned is that the change in the person's behavior, for example, from not knowing to knowing, and from not understanding to understanding. Behavior has a subjective element and motor elements. Subjective element is the spiritual element, while the motor element is the physical element. That someone is thinking can be seen from his expression, his attitude in the spiritual can not be seen. Human behavior consists of a number of aspects.
According Anitah, et al (2009:2.5) study is an attempt by individuals to obtain a change of behavior. According Sugihartono, et al (2007:74) study is a process of behavior change as a result of individual interaction with their environment to meet their needs.
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